distribution centers. Role of distribution centers
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Distribution centers
X5 Retail Group manages distribution centers in the Central, Northwestern, Urals, Volga, Volga-Vyatka, Central Chernozemny, Southern and other regions of the company's presence in Russia.
Deliveries of goods through distribution centers provide X5 partners with a number of advantages:
- Reduced transport costs.
- Expansion of the range of products in retail chain stores.
- Reduced paperwork within X5 and associated costs.
- Reduced labor costs for the preparation of accompanying documentation for the goods (certificates, etc.).
- Growth in sales, including through wholesale trade.
In order to supply goods through distribution centers, partners must comply with the following conditions:
- Deliver goods in strict accordance with the order in terms of assortment, quantity, delivery date.
- Goods must be on EURO-standard pallets (dimensions 800 x 1200 x 150 mm), no more than one item on each pallet.
- The stacking height of the goods should not exceed a total height of 1350 mm.
- In the case of placing one or two layers of goods on pallets, it is allowed to place a pallet on a pallet, if this does not lead to a loss of consumer qualities of the goods.
In order for the packing of the goods to be complete, it is necessary to use:
- Goods stacking system (packaging).
- Bundle of goods with a pallet (slinging).
- Packing goods on a pallet with shrink film (thickness from 0.15 mm) or tape to fix the goods on the pallet.
If the conditions for the delivery of goods are violated, employees of distribution centers are forced to carry out the transfer of goods on their own, therefore, in such cases, the company is not responsible for the delay in unloading the goods and idle vehicles.
To deliver orders, suppliers can contact the distribution center and receive a returnable container - EURO-pallets. The exchange of pallets takes place on the day of delivery of goods in an amount equal to the last delivery.
X5 recommends that suppliers indicate on shipping documents (waybills) the coding of the goods used in their information systems. This will allow you to quickly identify the goods at the time of ordering and speed up the acceptance of goods in the distribution center and in store warehouses.
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2 About INFOLine INFOLine - research partner of the largest retailers and FMCG suppliers INFOLine - 10 years of successful research projects retail FMCG and Non-Food
3 A set of products for solving the problems of the target audience Components Analytical part Other FMCG products INFOLine Retail Russia TOP-100 Business information Base of 700 retail chains Base of 700 FMCG retail chains in Russia Ranking of FMCG retail chains in Russia Hypermarket market FMCG Russia Base of 600 warehouses of retail chains Thematic news Retail trade and retail chains FMCG
4 Information about the Research Research "Base of 700 FMCG retail chains in Russia 2016": Extended version 70 thousand rubles. July 2016 Market analysis and forecast Analysis of trade formats (modern and traditional)* Rankings of the 100/50 largest FMCG chains Ranking by direct* imports Rankings by format Rankings of special. chains* and stores at filling stations Database of 700 chains and 600 warehouses (including Crimean chains) Description of the 10 largest FMCG chains* * The section is presented only in the extended version of the Research Standard version 50 thousand rubles. June 2016
5 Research structure: 3 key blocks Research “Base of 700 FMCG retail chains in Russia 2016”* 50/65 pages Analytical part 20/30 pages 20/40 pages 210 pages 230 pages Ratings of TOP-100/TOP-50 chains FMCG Ratings of FMCG chains by formats Database of 700 FMCG chains and 600 warehouses Business information on the TOP-10 FMCG retailers in Russia Status and prospects for the development of retail trade; comparative analysis of the Russian retail market and the market of other countries Dynamics of demand in the consumer market State regulation: analysis and forecast of changes in FZ-381 (adoption of FZ-273 from) Analysis of the market by trade formats (modern formats and traditional trade): dynamics and area structure , quantity, sales Ratings of TOP-100/TOP-50 retail chains by financial and operational indicators Rating of distribution centers Rating by direct import Ratings of chains by formats: hypermarket, supermarket, discounter, convenience store Dynamics of development of chains by formats Rating of TOP-20 stores at filling stations Revenue dynamics TOP-20 retailers in formats Rating TOP-20 specialized chains Contacts, top management Operational and financial indicators Regional representation Logistics History, beneficiaries, structure Operational indicators Regions and formats Finance, efficiency Logistics, development prospects * Sections highlighted in red contained only in expanded version of the Study “Base of 700 Retail Chains of Russia 2016”, Sections contained in both the Standard and Extended versions of the study are marked in blue.
6 Key indicators of the economy and retail trade in Russia Indicators of the economy and retail trade in Russia Dynamics in 2005-1st half* Forecast Inflation Retail trade turnover State regulation * In the standard version of the Database of 700 Retail Chains of Russia, dynamics for the first quarter of the year Deposits and loans individuals Real wage Incomes and expenditures of the population
7 Base of 700 FMCG retail chains in Russia Date of update: Q1 22.2 mln. m. 700 networks 50% of the market 64 thousand objects 5.4 trillion. rub. excluding VAT 600 warehouses 5.6 thousand stores at filling stations 52.6 thousand discounters and convenience stores 4.3 thousand supermarkets 1062 hypermarkets Chain brand Legal name Chain management: General Director Financial Director Purchasing Director IT Director Logistics Director NEW Business Development Director Actual address Phone, Fax, Website Online store Formats Number of stores Total trading area Net sales of the distribution network Regions of presence Number and area of warehouses Regions where warehouses are located
8 Ratings of FMCG retail chains in Russia The Extended version of the Research presents the results of the first half of the year Ranking by the number of objects Ranking by retail space Ranking by revenue Data on operational and financial indicators of the 50/100 largest FMCG chains * Sections contained only in the extended version are highlighted in red « Bases of 700 retail chains in Russia" Rating by revenue per square meter Rating of distribution centers of FMCG chains in Russia Rating of chains by direct import Ratings of FMCG chains in Russia by formats Rating of specialized FMCG chains Rating of chains in the "shop at gas station" format
9 10 Business references on the largest FMCG retailers 10 largest FMCG retail chains (24% of the market) Brief passports (table) History and contacts Structure and beneficiaries M&A transactions 2008-I half years) Regional development Logistics (number, area, regional representation of distribution centers and warehouses) Financial indicators (revenue, performance indicators, EBITDA) Plans regional development Development strategy
10 Content and results of the Research Base of 700 FMCG retail chains in Russia State of the FMCG retail market Stages and history of market development Main indicators of the FMCG market Quantitative description of the 50/100 largest retailers of the market Prospects for market development (FZ-381) Leading retailers by formats + description of the “store” format pri AZS” and specialized chains Base of 700 FMCG chains in Russia Contact information (management, telephone, fax, address) Operational and financial indicators Regional representation of stores and distribution centers of retail chains Number, area and city of location of distribution centers and warehouses Recommendations for improving efficiency for retailers and suppliers
11 Target audience Research Purpose of the product Comprehensive analysis and market forecast International and Russian companies suppliers to FMCG retail chains Largest international and Russian FMCG retail chains International and largest Russian financial investors and banking structures Suppliers of products and services for retail chains (IT and other services) For advanced Sales structure of TOP-100 chains by regions in y.
12 Base of TOP-100 FMCG chains with revenue dynamics by regions TOP-100 FMCG chains by region Revenue of TOP-100 chains by regions and formats (large and small) in Dynamics of revenue St. Petersburg Moscow Moscow region Leningrad region Delivery format: Excel + Power Point Price: from 100 thousand rubles. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Revenue structure St. Petersburg Moscow Moscow region Leningrad region Base of TOP-100 chains Chain brand Legal name Chain management: General Director Financial Director Purchasing Director IT Director Logistics Director Development Director Actual address Telephone, fax Website, online store Formats Number of stores Total selling space Net sales of retail chain
13 Individual analytical presentation Presentation contains analysis and forecast Macroeconomic indicators retail trade Development of formats (hypermarket, supermarket, discounter) State regulation of retail trade Income and expenses of the population Consumer expectations and confidence Presentation format: PowerPoint Presentation language: Russian, English Number of slides: from 60 (quarterly) Price: from 100 thousand rubles. Development of the largest FMCG networks
14 Information about the Research "Market of hypermarkets of FMCG chains in Russia" Research "Market of hypermarkets of FMCG chains of Russia": Extended version Market analysis and forecast, development of the hypermarket format Standard version Ratings of the TOP-50 FMCG chains in the "hypermarket" format Description of the 30 largest retailers Development of the format " hypermarket" in 30 regions of Russia Base thousand rubles FMCG hypermarkets in Russia RUB 40,000 Release date: IV quarter 2015
15 Analytical note Analytical note “On changes in the FMCG retail market in connection with the entry into force of Federal Law 273 of “On Amendments to the federal law"On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Trading Activities in the Russian Federation" and "The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation" Analysis of the provisions of the Law "On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Trading Activities in the Russian Federation" "On Changes in the FMCG Retail Market in Connection with the Enactment of Federal Law 273 of amendments to the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Trading Activities in the Russian Federation" and the "Russian Code of Administrative Offenses" Other changes in the field of state regulation of FMCG retail trade in Russia Release date: July-August 2016 Price: 30 thousand rubles.
16 Rating of FMCG retail chains Rating of FMCG retailers in Russia Monthly review in Russian and English Standard version Ratings by number, area, revenue Development of retail trade TOP-8 Description of the 200 largest chains RU, EN + Edition in 2 languages RU Extended version 20 thousand rubles a day Receipt (working day of the month following the reporting one) Subscription for 12 months: 90 thousand rubles 20 thousand rubles 7-8 day
17 Moscow Geoatlases "Shopping centers and hypermarkets FMCG and DIY" St. Petersburg 40 thousand rubles. 30 thousand rubles
18 Service "Thematic news" Industry news: "Retail trade" Retail trade in Russia Retail trade in goods for home, garden DIY networks RF Market of perfumes, cosmetics, hygiene, household goods and household chemicals of the Russian Federation and the world Retail trade in pharmaceutical products and pharmacy chains of the Russian Federation IMPORTANT NEWS ONLY: 1 EVENT = 1 MATERIAL and home goods in the Russian Federation News on the building materials market ("Brick Market of the Russian Federation", "Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Products of the Russian Federation", etc.) As part of the service, more than 5,000 media, materials from federal and regional authorities, as well as news from thousands of Russian companies. Frequency from 1 time per day to 1 time per month! *This list of "Thematic News" is not presented in full
19 Thank you for your attention Any questions? Presentation topic: "Base of 700 FMCG retail chains in Russia 2016" Speaker: Mikhail Burmistrov, general director INFOLine-Analytics You can purchase the full version of the study in the online store by calling (495) , (812) or by mail:
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A distribution center is a warehouse that receives goods from manufacturers or wholesalers through any distribution network. Then from here the goods go to other storage firms.
The distribution center performs the following functions: repacking, packaging, stickering, customs clearance, cargo certification.
Location of distribution centers
There are three main strategies for locating distribution complexes:
- near the sales market;
- close to production
- intermediate location between the market and the enterprise.
The structure of these warehouses and their location significantly affect the costs that arise during the delivery of goods to the customer, and, accordingly, the final price of the product being sold.
When choosing the location of distribution centers, you need to pay attention to such important factors as:
- transportation cost;
- the price of warehouse processing of goods;
- their content;
- registration of orders and formation of a management system;
- customer service level.
The best shopping and distribution centers are those that will provide high quality services to consumers at the lowest possible cost.
Sometimes retail chains or some large chain stores do without distribution centers, hoping for supplies directly from distributors.
But in the event of interruptions in the provision of products, the normal functioning of the enterprise is jeopardized. However, in the presence of such systems, the control of suppliers is more effective, and the correct delivery of goods to the store shelves is also ensured.
In addition, a big plus of distribution centers is the fact that contracts for the receipt of products can be concluded directly with the manufacturer, without the participation of intermediaries. This will avoid markups, overpayments, and will also provide an opportunity to receive large wholesale discounts.
Role of distribution centers
As it turned out, about 30% of all agricultural products that are produced in Russian Federation, deteriorates before reaching the buyer. The main reason for this is that the existing vegetable stores and warehouses have long been outdated. The creation of new premises for the storage of products will help to solve this situation.
Modern logistics distribution centers provide a guarantee of proper storage of goods due to the availability of relevant regulatory documents.
These warehouses collect different products. And when suppliers fail to provide goods, the distribution center is the so-called buffer, which insures the volume of production stock, increasing its supply.
A variety of technological activities and processes take place at these complexes:
- acceptance of goods to the warehouse;
- placement and replenishment of selection zones;
- order picking for retail chains;
- their shipment.
Secondary processes include inventory of the warehouse, work with marriages and defects, returns and other services.
Distribution centers benefit not only large manufacturers, but also newcomers. Such complexes consist of many structural parts: international certification and laboratory control zones, storage rooms, including freezers.
The centers also have transport companies transporting goods, customs, free trade zone, consulting and review departments, banks and the like. Due to the availability of such large storage areas, significant food losses can be avoided.
Examples of distribution centers in the world and Russia
Due to their unique properties and functions, wholesale distribution centers are very popular in many countries around the world.
The most famous of them:
- "Kverneland Group";
- Mercasa;
- "Walmart";
- "ALDI";
- X5 Retail Group.
There are also quite a lot of such complexes in the Russian Federation. For example, "Dixie", "Ermak", "Four Seasons" and so on.
Notable Moscow distribution centers:"Magnet", "OK", "Pyaterochka", "X5". Basically, these are warehouses of large stores and hypermarkets.
In addition, the state is actively forming large interregional distribution centers, which, according to experts, by 2020 there should be about 10-15 pieces. In the near future, the construction of warehouses in Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Tyumen, Rostov, the Moscow region and the Crimea will begin.
Distribution centers work and cooperate with networkers, farmers, restaurateurs and end consumers. They are a trading platform, a commodity exchange, on which the average cost of production is developed. Such warehouses will improve the competitiveness of products not only in the domestic, but also in the world market. As a result, manufacturers receive a decent payment for their product, and the final price of the product remains affordable.
Distribution centers in Russia today perform the following tasks:
- storage of commodity stocks;
- preservation of their quality;
- improving the functionality of production;
- increasing the competent use of the territory of the premises;
- reduction of transportation costs;
- creation of new jobs;
- effective sales organization;
- timely and regular delivery of goods to the consumer.
Representatives of distribution centers at the exhibition
"Prodexpo" is an international exhibition food products, which takes place annually on the territory of the Expocentre Fairgrounds. This exposition is an important event in the field of food and beverages. For more than 20 years, the event has determined the vector of development of the domestic food industry and economy.
"Prodexpo" promotes high-quality products to the national market, thereby contributing to the implementation of government projects aimed at improving the quality of life of Russian consumers.
The exhibition is, in fact, a distribution center where various products are provided in bulk. Here you can buy goods for offices, shops or other businesses.
The pavilion of the Expocentre Fairgrounds is divided into many salons:
- meat and meat products;
- dairy products and cheeses;
- groceries, spices and pasta;
- vegetable fats;
- semi-finished products and frozen products;
- confectionery, nuts and dried fruits;
- Coffee and tea;
- Fish and seafood;
- preserves and sauces;
- gastronomy and products for restaurants;
- trading houses;
- wholesale distribution centers;
- alcoholic drinks;
- glass containers;
- beverage production;
- packaging solutions;
- equipment and services;
- expositions of Russian regions;
- foreign national exhibitions;
- delicacies;
- EcoBioSalon;
- honey and bee products;
- pet food.
Distribution centers featured on "Prodexpo", offer to purchase products in bulk directly from the manufacturer. The exhibition is annually attended not only by domestic suppliers, but also by manufacturing companies from other countries of the world.
An even larger contingent of participants is expected every year. Numerous products will be presented by such countries as France, Spain, Austria, Italy and so on. However, the most extensive is the Russian exposition. Leading companies will demonstrate the results of the domestic food industry.
During the exhibition "Prodexpo" exhibitors and visitors will have the opportunity to get acquainted with new samples of products of well-known trademarks, as well as learn more about newcomers to the international food market.
Here you can also find a supplier or customer, conclude successful contracts, start fruitful cooperation, get comprehensive information about different manufacturers, and also learn a lot of new information about the latest technologies and inventions.
The business program of the exposition includes a variety of useful discussions, seminars, presentations and conferences. Master classes, round tables, study tours, competitions and so on will also be held.
The products presented at this food exhibition have all quality certificates, and the excellent characteristics of the products are proven by laboratory analysis.
"Prodexpo" is a warehouse complex where first-class food and beverages are presented in bulk from manufacturing companies from around the world. Here, everyone has the opportunity to purchase products directly from the supplier, and be sure of their high quality.
Entering the store, few people think about how the product reaches the buyer. It's one thing - small shops where goods are imported directly from suppliers. With network retail players, the situation is different. It is unlikely that one supplier or manufacturer can deliver its products to several hundreds or thousands of retail outlets at the same time. As part of a blog tour with X5 Retail Group in Tatarstan, I visited the distribution center Laishevo, owned by the company.
The central warehouse, or, more correctly, the distribution center, is one of the important elements of the distribution network that supplies stores with goods. The distribution center performs the functions of a control link: it fills the chain of stores with goods in accordance with the policy adopted in the chain. In particular, goods are sent from the Laishevo distribution center to 650 Tatarstan stores operated by X5 Retail Group (Pyaterochka and Perekrestok chains).
The scale of the enterprise is impressive - 15 gates for receiving and shipping goods, 2093 cells for storing goods, areas for storing different groups of goods. FRESH - goods with a short selling period, FROV - fruits and vegetables, DRY - dry warehouse, groceries, drinks, household chemicals, cash goods. In a nutshell, the distribution center is the whole Universe, which is an intermediary between the supplier or manufacturer and the store.
In the context of widespread import substitution, the vast majority of the assortment of a retail chain that respects itself and the consumer is domestic goods. If we talk about the same Pyaterochka, then on the shelves of the chain's stores, 90% of the goods are produced by a domestic manufacturer and only 10% are given to foreign manufacturers. So if “DANONE” is written on the package, this does not mean that the product is made abroad. DANONE has production facilities in Russia and its products feel great on the shelves of Pyaterochka. In general, on the shelves of Pyaterochka in different regions, you can also find a local manufacturer (a separate post will be devoted to this topic). A stereotype that was firmly ingrained into the brains before the crisis that in retail chains bourgeois manufacturers predominate, and let domestic ones with gulkin's nose remain a stereotype. In Pyaterochka, 90% is a Russian manufacturer, period.
Let's go back to the distribution center. Life here is in full swing 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Loaders and stackers are constantly moving here. In order to take a couple of shots, you need to look around for safety purposes.
The distribution center does not store a permanent stock of goods (unlike a warehouse). The main functions of the distribution center are the accumulation of goods from suppliers in a short time, the distribution of products in outlets in accordance with the application of the store. The speed and accuracy of processing goods is important here.
The scheme of work is as follows. A supplier, manufacturer, X5 Retail Group or a third-party carrier brings their goods to the distribution center, and their quality, expiration dates, etc. are checked in the distribution center. After a cycle of procedures, the goods are stored, and then, in accordance with the application, they are sent to one of the chain stores. The work of personnel in the distribution center is controlled by the IT system. With its help, the actions of employees are optimized so that the time for shipment and loading is spent most efficiently.
The distribution center allows you to reduce the cost of supplying products. The cost of goods in the store on average consists of the following parameters: 40% - the cost of production of goods, 30% - logistics costs, 30% - store costs. If there is a distribution center, a chain store can minimize these costs - the supplier delivers products to only one point, which reduces its transportation costs, and therefore reduces the cost of goods for the end buyer.
A distribution center is not a warehouse at all, but a link between a supplier or manufacturer and a chain store. The goods arriving here are not stale on racks and pallets, but in a short time (perishable goods in 2-3 days, goods stored in a dry warehouse - 7-10 days) from the moment they arrive here, they are sent to store shelves. So with such volumes and shelf life, there is confidence that the goods will reach the buyers fresh. In one of the following posts, we will look at the Pyaterochka distribution center located in Novosibirsk.
And I was there... 
And our friendly company from 18 regions of Russia 
List of participants:
Kazan - kukmor
Volgograd - sdvoryanchikov
Yekaterinburg - kirill_potapov
Voronezh - rebro_a_dama
Krasnodar - mono_polist
Ivanovo - michail_shor
St. Petersburg - alkopona
Moscow -
Distribution (distribution) center is a warehouse complex that receives goods from manufacturers or wholesalers (for example, located in other regions of the country or abroad) and distributes them in smaller batches to customers (small wholesalers and retailers) through its or their distribution network.
Let's consider the general and what distinguishes the distribution center from the usual composition, with which it is very often identified.
The role and place of the distribution center in the warehouse system is shown in fig. 10.4.
Rice. 10.4. The role and place of the distribution center in the warehouse system
Clifford F. Lynch substantiated that: the offer of additional services, technological orientation, customer orientation and conscious relationships are the features that distinguish the distribution center from the composition (Fig. 10.5).
Rice. 10.5. Distinctive features distribution center compared to the composition
The difference between a distribution center and a logistics center comes from their functionality. The most complete understanding of the logistics center is the definition of the Polish scientist I. Fechner, Whereby logistics center- this is a spatial object of the outlined functionality with the appropriate infrastructure and organization of activities, with the help of which logistics services are implemented related to the receipt, storage, distribution and dispatch of goods, as well as related services provided by economic entities independent of the sender or recipient. That is, in their activities, logistics centers cover a much wider range of functional properties than distribution centers.
Comparison of the features of the organizational work of the distribution and logistics centers according to the relevant factor characteristics makes it possible to see a number of qualitative differences in their work (Table 10.6).
In their activities, distribution centers cover a smaller area of functionality compared to a logistics center, but at the same time they have more opportunities than conventional trains. A feature of the work of a modern distribution center is a focus on meeting the needs of consumers, which is manifested in the provision of a wide range of additional services by them.
Table 10.6. The difference in the organization of the work of the logistics and distribution centers
Example 10.1. The Yagotinsky logistics complex of the Roshen corporation is located at the intersection of traffic flows from Kyiv, Vinnitsa, Mariupol and Kremenchug, where the production facilities of the confectionery company are located. New transport interchanges were created around the logistics center, three railway lines and eight railway entrances were brought up. This allows the accumulation and distribution of commodity flows from confectionery factories, processing up to three tons of products per day. In addition to finished products, raw materials are also stored in the center. Therefore, the transport that brings the finished product from the confectionery factories comes back loaded with food ingredients (confectionery fats, cocoa, juices, etc.) and packaging materials for the factories. The center is equipped with the latest WMS (Warehouse Management System) commodity flow management system, which optimizes the logistics processes that occur from the moment of acceptance to the shipment of goods from the warehouse. By the time the car arrives at the warehouse, the documentation for its filling has already been transferred, accounted for and processed. This makes it possible to place an order in advance, so the total time spent by trucks on the territory of the center does not exceed one hour. Another priority is the development of our own automobile enterprise with a fleet of one hundred and twenty trucks, so that the transportation of products is carried out under optimal conditions. For the flawless functioning of the logistics complex, complex software has been installed and innovative transport warehouse equipment is operating.
Example 10.2. The Ukrainian Distribution Center (UDC) in Skopje (Macedonia) began its work in May 2012, the purpose of which is to strengthen the Ukrainian economic presence in the Balkans. The UDC was created on the basis of the Macedonian company ST Trade, which has almost 20 years of experience working with Ukrainian business partners and has its office in Kyiv. UDC in Skopje is: customs-licensed warehouse; 14.0 thousand square meters of industrial, warehouse and office premises with all the necessary conditions and amenities for doing business (security, electricity, water supply, technological transport, telephone installation, Internet, etc.). Ukrainian enterprises that are interested in exporting to Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Kosovo can use a wide range of UDC services for packaging, repacking, packaging and installation of products; certification and homologation of Ukrainian products on the Balkan market; preparation of qualified tender applications for participation in tenders that are announced in the Balkans; study of market conditions; services for the promotion of Ukrainian products on the Balkan market; search and verification of the reliability of Balkan partners; organizing and conducting business negotiations, taking into account the specifics of doing business in the Balkans; official and unofficial translation services from Balkan and Balkan languages; selection of qualified personnel; the possibility of co-financing new projects and programs initiated by Ukrainian enterprises in the Balkans.
The presence of several consumers of the material flow in the service area of the distribution center actualizes the issue choosing the best placement option. For this:
1. the market conditions are studied and a forecast of the value of the material flow passing through the logistics system is developed;
2. a system for supplying goods to consumers is being developed;
3. schemes for the distribution of material flows within the logistics system are drawn up;
4. The choice of the distribution center placement option is carried out according to the criterion of minimum reduced costs.
The given costs are determined by the formula:
where Sp - reduced costs for the option;
Vekspl - annual operating costs of the center; Tue - annual transport costs;
K - capital investments in the construction of a distribution center; Current - payback period of capital investments.
