Demonstration area (exposition). Efficiency of selling space utilization The coefficient of installation space is calculated by the formula
5 Calculation of the need for trade and technological equipment of the trading floor and determination of the efficiency of using the area of the trading floor
An important stage in the planning of the trading floor is the choice of the trade and technological equipment placed in it. To determine the feasibility of choosing one or another equipment, indicators such as:
1) Installation area - the sum of the areas of the bases of the equipment for the demonstration and sale of goods.
2) Demonstration area - the sum of the areas of all shelves, cassettes, on which the goods are laid out.
Approximate indicators of the coefficient of installation and demonstration areas in the Tkani store with an area of 200 m² are 0.31 and 0.75, respectively. Those. the installation area is 31 m² and the demo area is 75 m².
Depending on the technological equipment, we will determine the installation area of the store. Calculations are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 - Calculation of the installation area of the store
Table 7 - Calculation of the demonstration area of the store
|
Name |
Quantity |
Equipment installation area, m² |
Number of shelves, cassettes |
Demonstration area, m² |
|
Glass counter |
||||
|
Corner outdoor counter |
||||
|
Wall racks |
||||
|
Shelving |
||||
|
Tailor's mannequins |
||||
The efficiency of using the area of the trading floor when placing equipment is determined using a number of indicators:
1) Utilization factor of the installation area. It represents the ratio of the total installation area of the equipment to the total area of the trading floor.
Kmouth =Smouth/So, where (4)
S mouth, So - respectively, the installation and total area of the trading floor.
Kmouth = 63.94 / 200 = 0.31
2) Demonstration area utilization factor. It is defined as the ratio of the total demonstration area to the total area of the trading floor.
Kdem =Sdem/So, where (5)
S dem, So are, respectively, the demonstration area and the total area of the trading floor.
Kdem = 145,6 / 200 = 0,72
As a result of all calculations, it can be concluded that the installation area almost completely complies with the standard due to properly selected and modern equipment. The demonstration area slightly exceeds the norms, but does not significantly clutter up the trading space. If there is a significant deviation from the established norms, it will be necessary to think about increasing the efficiency of the hall, since it will limit the choice of goods, the flow of customer movements will be tense, and customer service will be difficult.
The arrangement of the entrance and exit zones of stores is mainly regulated by the requirements of standards and industry norms for the construction of enterprises retail. In practice, both the separate placement of entry and exit zones and their combination in a single entry-exit zone are used. In small stores, the most rational is the combination of the entry-exit zone, which simplifies the organization of the trade and technological process in the store, facilitates control and prevents thefts (in stores with an area of more than 300 m, in accordance with fire safety standards, the entrance and exit must be isolated) An interesting design solution could be such an arrangement of the entrance and exit of the store, in which buyers from the street do not enter directly into the sales area of the store, but into a large hall.
To equip the entrance and exit areas, various door design options are used: with a mechanical drive, with a hinged suspension, sliding doors, in some stores instead of doors, doorways are replaced by pockets with air curtains, i.e. airflow from top to bottom. The use of air curtains and an open entrance allows customers to remove a certain psychological barrier, as if inviting them to enter the store. If the air curtain is not used, then at the entrance-exit a vestibule is arranged, in which a heater is arranged. The vestibule eliminates air currents in the trading floor and reduces the temperature difference between the trading floor and the external environment.
The placement of the zone depends on the method of sale. When selling goods through the counter, it is located in the middle of the facade, when self-service (especially in small stores) - on the left side of the facade (Fig. 132.2)
Rice 132 Placement of entrance-exit zones in stores
In this zone, self-service stores are located left-luggage offices, shopping baskets. A counter for storing things of customers should be placed between the input and output streams of customers. The media entry area should guide shoppers in the store. The zone is separated from the trading floor by turnstiles, decorative lattices, shop windows.
Product display area occupies the main area of the trading floor
In stores that use the sale of goods through the counter, the goods are laid out on wall-mounted equipment, which is located at the workplaces of sellers. The most common planning of the trading floor of such stores is the linear placement of the workplaces of sellers, depending on the width of the trading floor, various options for linear planning are used.
With a trading floor width of up to 7 m, wall-mounted equipment and service counters are placed in one line along the wall separating the trading floor from the storage rooms.
If the width of the trading floor is more than 8 m, the workplaces of sellers can be placed along two or three walls.
The linear layout of the trading floor in such stores ensures that workplaces are closer to the barns, which reduces labor costs for moving goods to the trading floor, makes it possible to replenish stocks during store hours without creating inconvenience for shopping.
Self-service stores use linear, island, box, exhibition and combined layout trading floors. However, the linear layout of trading floors is rational.
With linear planning sales areas of self-service stores, the area for the placement of goods and customer aisles are planned in the form of parallel lines of commercial equipment placed perpendicular to the line of the settlement node. This makes it possible to organize a single settlement node, customers to move freely around the trading floor, create a single team of financially responsible persons, and effectively use the trading area.
The linear layout can be with longitudinal (with a store width of 7-12 m), transverse (13-24 m) and combined (over 24 m) placement of equipment.
Rice 133 The system for placing equipment in the trading floors of self-service stores: 1 - linear longitudinal 2 - linear transverse 3 - combined
The length of the lines of the slides should not exceed 20 m, since the long length of the slides leads to an excessive accumulation of people in the aisles, making it difficult for them to move in the trading floor. By changing the length of the lines, you can adjust the level of concentration of buyers in different parts of the trading floor. When placing commercial equipment, you should try to ensure that the supporting columns are within the lines and do not interfere with the movement of customers on the trading floor.
An important role in the placement of equipment in non-food stores is played by the choice of location for fitting rooms. They should be placed at the end of the hanger lines. Banquettes for trying on shoes are placed in parallel lines at a distance of at least 2 m from the equipment with goods.
An important element of the layout of trading floors is rational orientation of the main flows of buyers, which is achieved by appropriate placement of equipment. The long practice of the stores has proved that the most rational is the planning of the trading floor, when the buyers move in a circle counterclockwise, returning to the starting point of the movement. This is due to the fact that customers select goods in the inventory baskets taken at the entrance and return them when they leave the store. Therefore, this direction of movement of buyers must be used in such a way that all goods are available for inspection and selection, and the flows of buyers, if possible, do not intersect. However, one should not rigidly direct the flow of buyers along certain routes with the help of barrier bars, decorative equipment, etc. Buyers should be given the freedom to choose the routes of movement on the trading floor.
The routes of movement of buyers should begin in the zone of the most intensive trade, where the goods that are in greatest demand are located. It is advisable to place individual service areas in the depth of the trading floor.
Box planning(Fig. 134) is used in stores, the layout of which requires the division of the trading floor into separate parts, or when using the sale of goods according to samples with individual service. Boxing is an isolated part of the trading floor with its own calculation node. Three sides of the box are covered with equipment, and the fourth side contains the entry-exit zone and the settlement unit. It is less efficient than a linear layout, because it requires more staff, and the process becomes more complicated.
Rice 134
Exhibition planning used in the sale of goods by samples. The hall is divided into two parts - demonstration, settlement unit, storage and distribution of goods.
Free layout provides for the arrangement of equipment without a specific geometric shape according to the shape of the trading floor.
To determine the effectiveness of the placement of equipment on the area of the trading floor, the following indicators are used:
installation area coefficient - the ratio of the total area for the installation of equipment to the total area of the trading floor;
demonstration area coefficient- the ratio of the total demonstration area of the equipment to the total area of the trading floor
The installation area includes the area occupied by commercial equipment for displaying goods and large-sized goods (refrigerators, washing machines, etc.) located on the trading floor, as well as the area for holding cash settlements and customer service. In self-service stores, about 30% of the entire area of the sales floor is usually allocated to the installation area.
The effectiveness of the use of the area of the trading floor is judged by the coefficient of the installation area, which is calculated by the formula:
Ku \u003d Sy / St.z,
where Ku is the coefficient of the installation area;
Sy - the installation area of the store, m2;
St.z. - area of the trading floor, m2.
If the value of the coefficient of the installation area is low (less than 0.25), then this indicates the irrational use of the sales area due to the small amount of equipment. If
the value of the coefficient is too high (more than 0.35), this can lead to inconvenience for buyers, since the insufficient width of the aisles between the equipment in this case will prevent their free movement.
However, it should be noted that this figure may vary depending on the size of the store (the larger the sales area, the smaller the share of the installation area, as a rule) and its specialization.
Along with the rational use of retail space for the installation of equipment in the store, it is necessary to use it as efficiently as possible for the display of goods. This is achieved through the use of equipment with a large exposition area.
The exposition area is calculated as the sum of the areas of all horizontal, vertical and inclined planes used for displaying goods on commercial equipment on the trading floor. The area occupied by the bases of bulky goods also belongs to the exposition area.
The degree of use of the area of the trading floor for the display of goods characterizes exposure ratio. It is calculated using the following formula:
Кexp \u003d Sexp / St.z,
where Кexp is the coefficient of the exposition area of the trading floor;
Sexp - exposition area of the store, m2;
Stz - area of the trading floor, m2.
This indicator depends on the types and types of equipment used for the calculation. The optimal ratio between the exposition area and the area of the trading floor in a self-service store is approximately equal to 0.7.
Increasing the display area ratio through the use of island slides or high racks can lead to a deterioration in the visibility of goods, cause inconvenience during their display, and also make it difficult for buyers to select goods.
The display area ratio depends on the specialization of the store: it will be lower in stores where refrigerated counters and similar refrigeration equipment are used, in stores selling bulky goods, etc.
In stores that use the traditional method of selling goods, the installation area coefficient, as a rule, does not exceed 0.1-0.15, i.e. The area of the trading floor is used very inefficiently. The area of the trading floor is used much more efficiently in self-service stores, where the recommended installation area coefficient ranges from 0.27-0.33, and the demonstration area - 0.65-075.
The increase in the coefficients of the installation and demonstration area depends on many factors, the main of which is the maximum use of the walls of the trading floor for the installation of equipment, since wall equipment has a larger demonstration area than island equipment.
Part of the area of the trading floor is allocated for zones for customer aisles. The width of the passages is set by building codes and regulations. However, when determining the width of the aisles in each particular store, one should take into account the density of the customer flow, i.e. the number of customers per unit area. To create comfortable conditions for the movement of buyers, it is necessary from 4 to 10 m 2 of retail space per buyer.
Passages for buyers are divided into main (main) and side. The main passages connect all areas of the trading floor and run along the walls. Their width should ensure the unimpeded movement of the main consumer flows.
In stores where trade is conducted through the service counter, area for the organization of workplaces of sellers. Its size is determined by multiplying the length of the front of the counter by the depth of the workplace. At the same time, the depth of the workplace includes the width of the counter, the width of the passage between the counter and the trading equipment for laying out and placing the working stock of goods, and the depth of this equipment.
The scope of merchandising is the space limited by the walls of the pharmacy. In accordance with merchandising, there are various approaches to the distribution of the area of the trading floor. It is widely believed that thanks to merchandising technologies, the product is sold by itself.
The sequence of placement of departments and equipment affects the formation of flows, the direction of movement of buyers on the trading floor, throughput, freedom of movement of buyers, the level of concentration of buyers in different areas of the trading floor. When planning a zone for equipment, it is necessary to strive not only to ensure the maximum visibility of the range of goods, but also to pre-think advertising and information placements, to allocate zones for thematic showcases dedicated to new products and products for which special promotions are held.
Properly selected and placed equipment allows you to expand the offer of goods, create more convenience for customer service, increase turnover per square meter of selling space and thereby achieve higher efficiency in the use of retail space. Therefore, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the installation area is optimal.
Installation area- this is a part of the trading floor area occupied by equipment designed for laying out, demonstrating goods, making payments and servicing customers. You can evaluate the efficiency of the use of retail space using installation area coefficient. It is defined as the ratio of the area occupied by the equipment (installation area) to the total area of the trading floor: where the area occupied by the equipment is defined as the sum of the areas of the bases of all items located on the trading floor.
The optimal value of the installation area coefficient for self-service pharmacies is in the range from 0.25 to 0.35, i.e. the retail space of a self-service pharmacy should be occupied by 30% of the installed retail equipment, and 70% of the retail space should be aisles for buyers and sellers, areas for placing additional customer service places to promote goods. If the value of the coefficient of the installation area exceeds 0.35, then most likely the pharmacy is overloaded with equipment, it will be cramped and uncomfortable for customers in it. If the indicator is less than 0.25, then the premises are used inefficiently and the possibility of increasing the number of commercial equipment should be considered. For example, if the sales floor area of a pharmacy is 50 m², and the installation area is 18.5 m², then the installation coefficient will be 18.5: 50 = 0.37. This situation is often found in small pharmacies, and although the coefficient is slightly exceeded, practice shows that buyers are cramped in such a sales area. This will irritate, unnerve visitors and, in the end, may lead to reluctance to buy even the necessary drug in this pharmacy. In addition, such a pharmacy will not be able to allocate space for an additional point of sale, there will be nowhere to hold presentations of new medicines, etc. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to get rid of part of the equipment. In pharmacies with a large sales area, the coefficient of the installation area, on the contrary, is often underestimated. In this situation, the pharmacy can introduce additional showcases, equip a recreation area for customers, as well as an area for various promotions. For this, a suitable place is selected on the trading floor, where an additional point of sale is organized. It can be independent - a stand-alone showcase (extra display of the manufacturer) or dependent - a certain place on the shelf of commercial equipment in the pharmacy department.
In any pharmacy there are places that customers, by virtue of their perception, visit the least, such areas are called "cold". Accordingly, places that are visited more often than others are called "hot" zones.
"Cold" zones are formed because people by nature do not tend to change direction. Consider the behavior of buyers in the trading floor:
95% of buyers included in outlet, stop after 1/3 of the store
90% of shoppers want to find all the items they plan to buy without having to travel long distances and come back
Most (right-handed) shoppers prefer to go straight ahead without turning right or left, but tend to look and pick up goods from the right
Scheme of the movement of buyers
Most customers turn left when walking around the store - counterclockwise;
Shoppers avoid places that are noisy, dark, dirty, and poorly lit.
Scheme of the movement of buyers
What merchandising tools can help turn such unattractive retail space into a "hot" zone?
1. You can change the movement of the customer flow by creating a barrier of commercial equipment on its way. If you install the equipment on the path of the customer flow, using the knowledge of the characteristic features of human movement, you can direct the customer flow to the right, thus ensuring full coverage of the trading floor by the visitor;
2. You can influence the direction of movement by reducing the lighting in the left corner and expanding the passages in the right side of the hall;
3. You can place more attractive products for buyers in the right corner.
Since buyers prefer to go counter-clockwise and along the edges, it becomes difficult to sell goods placed in the center of the pharmacy's trading floor. It is necessary to attract buyers with the help of various tools that affect the change in traffic routes and the redistribution of visitors' attention.
The reasons for the emergence of "cold zones" can be not only with the natural properties and natural reflexes of a person, with the layout of the pharmacy sales floor. With the placement of equipment, but also with the configuration of wall counters and showcases. The amount of time a shopper can focus on a particular product or counter is limited. This indicates that in long, straight counters, "cold" and "hot" zones appear alternately. In addition, straight counters are perceived as longer, and the buyer gets tired of their monotony faster than in the case of counters of other configurations. The complex, irregular configuration of the counter helps to restore the activity of attention due to the presence of unexpected obstacles and, as a result, the need to change the direction of movement.
Naturally, for quick, qualified customer service, you need a convenient workplace. Pharmacy workers are on the other side of the counter, their movements must be rational and accurate. The interior of the counter is designed individually and makes up a set of various compartments. All drawer boxes are equipped with guides, in door mechanisms - 4-hinged hinges, designed for 120,000 openings. Wall cabinets in this version do not carry an expositional load, but serve as a warehouse or part of a warehouse, which allows you to bring the goods as close as possible to the seller, save space and increase sales organization.
Product locations can be divided into two main categories - strengths and weaknesses.
Locations of goods.
Strong points:
5, 3-shelves on the right side in the direction of buyers
11-crossing rows of shelves
1, 4-seats with good frontal visibility
10-space near the cash register
9-end gondola departments
Weak spots:
2, 6-shelves on the left side in the direction of buyers
8 places near the entrance to the pharmacy
The route that customers take around the pharmacy can and should be adjusted to ensure that all areas of the store are visited with high frequency. This is achieved through the so-called lure products or "magnet products" (those that are most often sought after by buyers).
It is known that inside a pharmacy a customer moves along the trading floor at an average speed of 1 m/sec, and the human eye is able to mark the image of an object if it is in the field of view for at least 1/3 of a second. In addition, the buyer sees the product best at eye level (120-160 cm from the floor). Taking into account these data, in order for the drug to be noticed by the buyer, the place on the shelf allotted for it must be at least 33 cm. Hence the principle of window dressing: drugs by therapeutic groups, in the form of displays, should be located at a distance of at least 33 cm. Such a display, located in the showcases, takes up little space and is provided with brief information about each drug.
Near the cash registers, where the buyer spends enough time paying for the purchase, you can install small change plates, again with information about the drugs.
| Store area, m 2 | Coefficient of mouth area | Coefficient of demonstration (exposition) area in the store | |||||
| Cloth | Shoes | Haberdashery and knitwear | Cultural goods household goods and sporting goods | Goods for children, youth, women, men | General Non-Food Store | ||
| Up to 100 | 0,32 | 0,66 | 0,80 | 0,90 | 0,75 | 0,75 | - |
| 101-250 | 0,31 | 0,63 | 0,76 | 0,88 | 0,74 | 0,74 | - |
| 251-650 | 0,30 | 0,60 | 0,73 | 0,85 | 0,72 | 0,72 | - |
| 651-1500 | 0,29 | 0,57 | 0,70 | 0,80 | 0,70 | 0,70 | 0,72 |
| Over 1500 | 0,27 | - | - | - | - | 0,68 | 0,70 |
| Average | 0,30 | 0,60 | 0,74 | 0,86 | 0,73 | 0,70 | 0,71 |
An indicator of the effectiveness of the use of the exhibition space of the trading floor is the coefficient of equipment capacity: the higher it is, the more efficiently the trading furniture and all the space of the trading floor available for displaying goods is used. The optimal value of the exhibition equipment capacity factor is 2.5-3.
The volume of equipment (for example, slides) is equal to the sum of the volumes for displaying goods on each shelf. The capacitance factor shows how efficiently the nominal capacitance of the equipment is used.
Comparison of the recommended and actually achieved values of the coefficients of the installation and demonstration area, the display capacity coefficient makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the technological layout of the store's sales area and, if necessary, develop measures to improve it.
Thus, the calculation of the above indicators allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the technological layout of the trading floor and the efficiency of using equipment for displaying goods.
Entrepreneurs can expand retail space at the expense of other premises in the event that the commodity supply system is clearly regulated. Goods suppliers ( manufacturing enterprises, warehouses of wholesale enterprises) should seek opportunities for the complete preparation of goods for sale (packaging, packaging, packing in equipment containers) and carry out centralized delivery of consignments of goods on an hourly (daily) schedule based on automated control systems for inventory in accordance with orders (requests) of stores. When rational organized system supply of goods, it will be possible to increase the share of the retail space of the store by reducing the area intended for the preparation of goods for sale, their storage, utility rooms. Other measures to improve the efficiency of using the total area of the store are given in clause 3.1.1 of this manual.
The following measures contribute to an increase in the coefficient of installation area.
A well-thought-out system for arranging equipment in the trading floor. The choice of how to place the equipment depends on the configuration of the trading floor, on the methods of customer service, on the location of columns, ledges, etc. In trading floors of "elongated shape" the most rational is the linear arrangement of equipment and its placement along the walls - around the perimeter. If the shape of the trading floor is close to a square, then it is recommended to use a free system for arranging commercial equipment, including an island one. In large stores and when selling goods through the counter, a boxed method of placing equipment or a mixed one, involving a combination of linear and boxed arrangement, is advisable.
In stores selling goods through the counter, they allocate space for organizing jobs for sellers. Often the depth of such a place is great, which leads, firstly, to the irrational use of the retail space, and secondly, to the rapid fatigue of the counter workers. Therefore, reducing the area for the workplace of the seller will increase the area for the installation of demonstration equipment.
The installation coefficient can be increased by reducing the number of checkout counters. For Russian trade, it is considered optimal if there is 80 sq.m. per settlement unit. trading floor area. However, in reality, this figure is much lower. In most stores in the city of Orenburg, one cash register accounts for 15-25 sq.m. trading area. For comparison, in US stores this figure is 160-320 sq.m. per settlement node. The mass use of scanning devices built into or connected to cash registers will reduce the number of cash registers, thereby increasing the area for installing demonstration or other commercial equipment.
The trading floor has an area intended for buyers. The width of the main and secondary aisles is often greater than the norms established by the requirements of GOST, bringing the width of the aisles to standard values will free up part of the space for installing commercial equipment.
The free parts of the trading floor can be used more rationally by organizing additional services for customers (copying, developing film and printing photos, organizing a packing table, etc.).
To increase the value of the demonstration (exposure) coefficient will allow an increase in the installation area, the use of higher and more capacious equipment, the use of rational ways of laying out goods on shelves, hangers and other load-bearing planes of commercial equipment. Since buyers' demand is subject to seasonal fluctuations, it is necessary to maneuver display areas for different groups of goods depending on the season.
Store space can generate greater economic benefits by extending working hours and working seven days a week. However, it is economically feasible to change the mode of operation of the store only if advanced technology of commodity supply is used, the trade and technological process is rationally organized, and settlements with customers will be carried out through the use of modern system cash registers, the use of scanning devices for reading barcodes. codes from goods (scanning allows you to increase the productivity of cashiers-controllers by about 30% and increase the throughput of the store).
The above measures will improve the efficiency of the use of retail space, the share of retail space in the total area of the store, increasing its turnover, and consequently, gross income and profit.
Questions and tasks for self-control
1. Specify the regulatory legal acts that establish the requirements for the composition of the premises and areas of the store.
2. Name the groups of store premises and their functional purpose.
3. Describe the types of standard store areas.
4. For what types of additional services are established standards for calculating the area for their provision?
5. The principle of calculating the area for the acceptance, storage of goods in the store.
6. Indicate the percentage distribution of space between the functional groups of premises for self-service stores.
7. Determine the structure of building requirements for the technological layout of the store.
8. List the construction requirements for the areas for unloading goods and the placement of ramps.
9. What are the building requirements for the placement of utility and technical premises.
10. The essence of building requirements for the placement of administrative and amenity premises?
11. What are the building requirements for the location of premises for receiving, storing and preparing goods for sale.
12. What construction requirements are imposed on the organization of the territory adjacent to the commercial facility?
13. List the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the territory adjacent to the trading facility?
14. What are the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the layout, placement and arrangement of store premises.
15. Determine the general principles for the placement of non-commercial premises in relation to commercial ones.
16. Give the concept of the layout of the trading floor and the principles of its rational use.
17. Zoning of the trading floor according to the purpose of the area?
18. Consider the standard options for arranging equipment in trading floors.
19. What factors influence the choice of the organization of the technological layout of the trading floor?
20. What are the building requirements for the layout of the trading floors of stores.
21. The essence of building requirements for the placement of space for the provision of additional services in the store.
22. List the technological indicators for evaluating the efficiency of the use of store space, give their essence and formulas for calculations.
23. What social and economic indicators allow you to evaluate the efficiency of using the store's space?
24. Determine ways to improve the efficiency of using the total area of the store.
25. What are the ways to improve the efficiency of using the retail space of the store.
26. Calculate the technological indicators and the structure of the store premises according to the proposed options by filling in the appropriate tables, and formulate reasonable conclusions.
Option 1
Table 2 - Distribution of space between the premises of the XX store
| Room structure | m 2 | % | Recommended value, % | Deviation |
| 1. Trading premises, total: including: trading floor | 52 | |||
| 2. Premises for acceptance, storage and preparation of goods for sale, total: including: - warehouses - prepacking rooms | 32 | |||
| 3. Administrative and amenity premises, in total, including: - director's office - office space - store bathroom | 18 8,0 7,5 2,5 | |||
| 4. Utility rooms, total: including: - room for storage of containers - room for inventory storage | 12,5 8,5 4,0 | |||
| 2,7 | ||||
| Total: | 117,2 | 100 % | 100 % | - |
Option 2
Table 1 - Calculations of the demonstration and installation areas in the XX store
Table 2 - Distribution of areas between the premises of the XX store
| Room structure | m 2 | % | Recommended value, % | Deviation |
| 1. Trading premises, total: incl. shopping room | 224 | 60–65 | ||
| 2. Premises for acceptance, storage and preparation of goods for sale, total: including: - warehouses - ironing | 99,4 86,4 13,0 | 23–29 | ||
| 3. Administrative and amenity premises, total: including: - director's office - locker room - office space - store bathroom | 28,4 8,0 7,5 8,0 4,9 | 5–6 | ||
| 4. Utility rooms, total: including: a room for storing containers and inventory | 12,5 12,5 | 5 - 6 | ||
| 5. Technical premises, total: | 3,7 | 1 - 2 | norm | |
| Total: | 100 % | 100 % | - |
Table 3 - Indicators of the efficiency of the use of store space XX
.< 3 Зшс 298
66_______ Chapter 3. Trade and technological processes in trade enterprises.
normative data of the coefficients of installation and exposure areas K = 0.25; with partial deviation K = 0.15; with a complete mismatch, K = 0.
For the rational organization of trade and technological processes and increasing the efficiency of the use of retail space and store equipment, it is important to place goods and product groups on the area of the trading floor.
As basic indicators for calculating the equipment and retail space required for each group of goods, two are used: the stock of goods that must be stored on the trading floor, and the cost of goods of a certain group placed on one square meter of exhibition space. The first indicator can be obtained from the reports of financially responsible persons and inventory materials, the second is determined on the basis of calculations. With these two indicators, it is easy to calculate the required retail space and the amount of equipment for displaying each group of goods. The calculation is carried out according to the formula
where K - the required number of slides for the product group, units; T - commodity stock on the trading floor for a group of goods, rub.; T h - the cost of goods of this group, placed on one square meter of the exposition area, rub.;
P e - the exposition area of one hill, on which the commodity group will be placed, m 2.
The area of the trading floor to accommodate the calculated number of slides is determined by the formula
P \u003d (Y, xK): K y,
where P is the area of the trading floor required to place the goods of this group, m 2; Y - installation area of one slide, m 2; K - the required number of slides, units; K - the coefficient of the installation area accepted for the store.
At present, the replacement of slides for displaying goods with container equipment, which is recommended to be installed in the trading floor, on the lines of slides, or to create wall and island lines from it, is becoming more and more widespread.
When replacing slides with container-equipment, it becomes necessary to calculate its quantity required for each group of goods exhibited. The calculation is carried out according to the formula
E D> Layout of the trading floor of the store
where K to - the required amount of container-equipment, units; T - average daily sale of goods, kg or rub.; E - capacity of one piece of equipment, kg or rub.; N- standard of commodity stocks, days.
Calculation of the exposition area of container-equipment is carried out according to the formula
P, = U, (h: 0,3),
where P d - exposition area of equipment, m 2;
h- height of goods stacking in the equipment, m;
0.3 - the accepted average distance between the shelves of slides, m.
The most rational principles for the arrangement and layout of self-service stores, developed by the practice of trade, are reflected in supermarkets.
Not all stores even in the future will become self-service stores. In particular, jewelry stores, as well as small but square shops located in uncomfortable premises of the old housing stock, will not be transferred to self-service.
Many years of experience in the work of stores selling goods with individual customer service has determined the main, most rational types of layout of the trading floor. The most common layout of the trading floor of such stores is the linear placement of sellers' workplaces. Depending on the depth of the trading floor, various linear layout options are used.
With a trading floor depth of 6-7 m, cabinets and counters are placed in one line, close to the wall separating the trading floor from utility rooms. If the depth of the trading floor exceeds 8 m, the workplaces of sellers can be placed along two or three walls.
The linear layout of the trading floor has become widespread, as it provides the proximity of the workplaces of sellers to the pantries, which reduces labor costs for moving goods to the trading floor; enables restocking during store opening hours without inconvenience to customers, and the ability to relocate vendors.
The choice of a linear layout of workplaces depends not only on the size and shape of the trading floor; it is also necessary to comply with the following requirement: the area occupied by the workplaces of sellers should not exceed 40% of the sales floor area.
68________ Chapter 3. Trade and technological processes in trade enterprises
Checkout booths should be placed along the front line of the trading floor, and not along the line of equipment for sellers' workplaces, which is inconvenient for both cashiers and sellers. Optimum depth and width of cash booths is 1.5 m.
Similar information.
