Business plan for the production of cinder blocks. The organization of the production of cinder blocks is one of the most popular types of business. How much money is needed to open a business for the production of cinder blocks
According to the testimony of experts in the field of economics, one of the most promising areas commercial activities is the production of building and finishing materials. Demand for these products is not decreasing, which is why we start own business in the industry associated with the production of any type of building material is a promising and profitable business. So, the direction of activity is defined, it remains to decide only on the specific type of material produced, for example, you can choose the production of cinder blocks. This material is in constant demand both from construction companies and individuals.
The advantage of opening a mini-business for the manufacture of cinder blocks is explained by the fact that it is better to purchase this material in small businesses than in large factories.
Dignity same material are:
- extensive scope (use in the construction of garages, workshops, utility blocks, cottages, houses, etc.);
- good heat and noise insulation properties;
- lower cost compared to other materials (brick or foam block);
- no need to involve masons in the work.
In order to open your own enterprise for the production of cinder blocks, you should draw up a business plan with the calculation of all the required indicators for the economic justification of the feasibility of launching the project, and also take into account in this project all the nuances of doing business in this area of management.
room
A special place in the preparation of a business plan should be attributed to the choice of a suitable premises for future production. In this choice, there are several options:
- Covered room with a concrete floor, while the floor surface must be flat. To ensure the normal functioning of production, you should make sure that the ventilation and heating systems are in good condition in the room. It is better to rent such a room for the first time.
- Outdoor area, but also equipped with a flat floor. Such a floor can be earthen, asphalted or concreted.
The total area of the premises to accommodate the entire production workshop should be at least 100 square meters. meters.
It is recommended to look for a location for the production workshop near cement plants, sand pits, etc. in order to reduce the cost of transporting raw materials to the place of their processing and production of finished cinder blocks.
In addition, it is desirable that the location of the production is at a close distance from the points of sale of finished products. All of these measures are aimed at reducing the cost of production and increasing the level of business income.
Raw materials and equipment
In any business plan (including for the production of cinder blocks), special importance is attached to the description of the equipment and the raw materials used.
The key installation in the equipment used is the vibrating machine; it can be involved in production in the form of various modifications.
Main raw materials used in the production of cinder blocks is:
- water;
- filler;
- plasticizing additive;
- cement.
Various materials can be used as a filler, the choice of a specific one depends on the financial capabilities of the businessman, as well as the requirements for final product manufacturing. Most commonly used fillers are:
- sand;
- shavings;
- crushed stone;
- expanded clay;
- gypsum;
- screenings;
- sawdust;
- granulated slag;
- scrap brick;
- slag.
In the business plan itself without fail a detailed recipe for the production of cinder blocks should be given, with the exact dosages of each type of raw material and additives used. A plasticizing additive must be used without fail, as it increases the strength, frost resistance and water resistance of finished cinder blocks.
A large number of building materials for the construction of walls, partitions and cladding are on the market. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. But the most popular are those that, at a low price, are highly durable.
The cinder block just fits into this category. The production of this building stone is a very promising business idea. The article presents a detailed business plan for the production of cinder blocks. We describe the features of the case, specify the approximate time frame for reaching the break-even point.
What are cinder blocks: a brief description, composition
Cinder block is a building stone made from various materials by vibrocompression. In fact, it is an artificial stone. The production technology was developed back in the 19th century - then the filler was slag: waste obtained from the combustion of coal. Hence the name of the building material.
Now other materials are used as a filler:
- granite screenings;
- broken brick, concrete, cement;
- small gravel, crushed stone, sand;
- sawdust.
The composition affects the characteristics of the cinder block. Sawdust makes the material more environmentally friendly; sand and gravel - heavier, more monolithic. The effect of each filler can be studied separately. When choosing a cinder block in terms of composition, it is important to build on specific goals - decide whether you will use the blocks for the construction of residential or outbuildings.
The filler is mixed with water, knitted with cement. After the mixture is sent for molding and compaction in a vibrating machine.
Application and types of cinder blocks
Now this building material is more often used in the construction of non-residential buildings: garages, sheds, swimming pools, outbuildings, fences. This is due to the characteristics of the cinder block.
There are several types of material:
- Full-bodied, wall. These are durable blocks that are used to create the structure of a building, load-bearing walls.
- Full-bodied, fundamental. Used for laying foundations. Durable, characterized by increased strength, do not shrink, the material does not crumble.
- Hollow. They have internal voids. Cheaper but less durable. Needed for interior walls and partitions.
- Facing. They have a decorative coating, texture on one side. They are used for finishing walls and fences on the front side.
The main characteristics of cinder blocks
One of the main parameters of cinder block stone is the strength grade. The value of the parameter is in the range from 35 to 125. It indicates the maximum weight (in kg) that the material can bear per 1 sq. cm (35-125 kg).
- Cinder block brand M35 is the most fragile, used for insulation.
- M50, M75 are needed for the installation of partitions, internal walls.
- M100, M125 are considered the most durable, they are used when laying the foundation, load-bearing walls. Accordingly, the larger the number in the brand of cinder block, the greater the load it can withstand.
Frost resistance is estimated in cycles: 15-50. The higher the value, the better the stone can withstand low temperatures. In central Russia, a cinder block is used for 35, in the northern regions of the country - for 50.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of slag concrete is 0.27-0.65 W/m*K.
Market situation
Since the late 2000s, the housing market in Russia has grown steadily. Both the number of construction companies and the solvency of citizens increased. In 2007-2014 volumes of individual residential construction increased from 26 million sq. m to 36 million sq. m.
Since 2014, due to the growth of political and macroeconomic instability in the world and Russia, the actual figure has fallen. Now construction is being restored, and by 2020 it is projected to grow to 40 million square meters. m.
The current situation in the economy (decrease in the real level of income of Russians) gives certain advantages to the producers of cinder blocks. People continue to look for cheaper methods of construction, and this building material fully meets their needs. A “window of opportunity” opens up for a business on cinder blocks - there is an excellent chance to gain a foothold in the market.
The main costs of starting production
The opening of a small cinder block production does not require serious capital investments. To work, you need manual equipment of small productivity.
Table 1. Basic Costs for Starting a Cinder Block Production Business.
The prices here and below are determined based on a study of the offer on the Internet, the cost of renting premises and the average salary in the regions of Russia.
Registration
You can register a business as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. When choosing an OPF, you need to build on the volume of production and on the available distribution channels. Please note that large retail chains prefer to cooperate with legal entities.
This cinder block business plan involves opening a small production workshop at home, so an individual entrepreneur will be the best form of doing business. Registration in this case is faster, requires less money and effort to collect documents.
When choosing a taxation system, it is best to take the "simplified". When registering a new construction business, the documents must indicate the OKVED code 23.69.
Certification
According to Russian legislation, cinder blocks do not have to be certified according to the requirements of GOST. But it is strongly recommended to do this, because a product with a certificate of conformity will sell better. In addition, some stores, when accepting goods for sale, one of the prerequisites is the availability of documentation confirming the quality of building materials.
You can get a voluntary GOST certificate. It also has a good effect on sales of EZ - the expert opinion of Rospotrebnadzor, which is realistic to receive after checking the products by state experts. EZ guarantees the safety of products, their compliance with hygienic and sanitary standards.
Production room
For the manufacture of artificial building stone, a room with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 40 square meters is required. m. It should be divided into a production workshop, warehouses and a room for drying finished products.
In summer it is possible to manufacture and store products outdoors under an awning.
The space requirements are as follows:
- flat floor;
- protection from precipitation (serviceable roof);
- connection to the water supply;
- bright lighting;
- excellent ventilation system;
- heating system (for operation in the cold season).
There are no other requirements. This means that an entrepreneur can organize the production of cinder blocks even in a garage or similar room - subject to its arrangement. Also, there are no requirements for the remoteness of the workshop from the residential area.
Equipment
The manufacture of cinder blocks within a small business at home involves the use of small equipment - a manually operated vibrating machine. In this way, it will be possible to minimize initial costs and quickly create inventory for further implementation.
Table 2. Equipment costs for the workshop.
Work will be carried out in 1 shift. With an increase in sales volumes, a second shift can also be opened.
Employees
2 people should work in the production workshop. Skilled workers are not needed to maintain the process. Employees need to be trained to operate the equipment. People play the role of maintenance personnel, since most of the work is done by equipment.
You also need a sales representative (driver), whose tasks are to look for customers, conclude contracts with them and sell cinder blocks, organize delivery.
The role of a senior manager can be performed by the entrepreneur himself - this will reduce fixed costs and allow you to monitor the quality of the work of the staff. In the future, when control by the businessman is no longer required, authority can be delegated to another employee.
Brief description of the production of cinder blocks
Producing building materials is quite simple:
- Components (filler, water, cement) must be mixed in a concrete mixer. Plasticizers can be added here - additives that can improve water resistance, frost resistance, increase the strength of the finished material, and reduce the number of cracks.
- The prepared solution is transported and loaded into a vibropress - in appropriate forms with or without partitions. Here the main work takes place: the machine processes the forms with the help of pressure (pressure with a punch) and vibration. The process takes about 90 seconds.
- Finished blocks are put forward from the vibropress. Next comes the process of their hardening. With plasticizers, they can be ready in 8-10 hours, without them - about 36 hours.
- Blocks are stored, their final drying takes place. Products will be fully ready for sale in about 30 days.
Sales
It is worth thinking about the channels for the sale of products at the planning stage. It is necessary to evaluate the existing construction sites in the region. Cinder blocks are most in demand as a building material for outbuildings where good heating is not required. These are complexes for processing, storage of grain, crops, production and storage facilities, parking lots, sheds.
The blocks will be in demand from private developers. Accordingly, it is necessary to use all the possibilities of regional advertising:
- advertisements in newspapers, on local TV channels;
- posting flyers near construction sites and in the private sector;
- handing out leaflets near building supermarkets.
You can also negotiate sales with small construction shops. It is useful to spread information about cinder blocks through friends and acquaintances.
economic calculation
With a well-thought-out marketing organization, a cinder block business can quickly pay for itself.
The productivity of the mini shop is 450 blocks per shift. With 26 shifts per month, it is possible to produce 11.7 thousand cinder blocks of a standard size 400x200x200 mm, grade M50 (solid).
The minimum cost of such a block is approximately 25 rubles. When selling all manufactured products, the monthly revenue will amount to 292.5 thousand rubles, however, we will take into account that at first cinder blocks will go for 150 thousand rubles. monthly (about 50% of total production).
Initial costs will amount to 255 thousand rubles. So the production of cinder blocks as a business will pay for itself in about 1.7 months. The payback period can be extended up to 1 quarter (3 months) due to expenses not taken into account in the business plan.
Advantages and disadvantages of building materials
Cinder blocks as a building material have pros and cons:
Advantages:
- strength and durability - a cinder block house can stand for a century;
- frost resistance;
- good soundproofing properties;
- light weight - the pressure on the foundation is minimal;
- you can build houses quickly - 1 block replaces up to 6 bricks.
Disadvantages:
- Need thermal insulation. The cinder block does not retain heat well and is not able to protect it from the cold in winter. The way out is additional insulation (for example, mineral wool, polystyrene foam).
- Waterproofing required. Cinder block is a hygroscopic building material, therefore it should be protected from moisture, otherwise it will quickly become unusable.
Cinder blocks are in demand in Russia - especially in the construction of utility, non-residential buildings. This is an inexpensive building material from which you can quickly create a durable building. Calculations show that the business is profitable and pays for itself literally in a quarter.
Our business plan for the manufacture of cinder blocks will help anyone who wants to understand the topic and organize a profitable business at home or in the garage. With a responsible approach, you can eventually expand to a small plant.
Recently, new building materials and technologies for building houses have appeared on the market. The consumer mainly makes a choice in favor of affordability and simplicity of technology in the process of construction work. Cinder block is just one of these materials. All buildings with its use are sound and heat resistant.
Thus, the cinder block production business is economically profitable, since there will always be demand for finished products. It is also important that the manufactured cinder blocks (as well as vibroforming equipment) are not subject to mandatory certification.
Cinder block production technology
This production process includes three stages.
Stage one
The first one should prepare semi-dry concrete mix, which will consist of cement, water and screenings. This technology can significantly save cement, since it does not require the addition of a large amount of water. It is possible (but not at all necessary) to add a plasticizing additive (an average of 5 grams per block), which will provide:
- fast gaining strength of blocks (especially important with a limited production site);
- improving the quality of the finished product (reducing the number of cracks);
- increasing the water resistance and frost resistance of the cinder block;
- a significant increase in performance.
It is desirable to prepare a hard mixture using a concrete mixer, otherwise it will take a lot of physical effort to do this. Often, manual labor is used in the case of low productivity and small vibrating machines.
Stage two
At the second stage freshly prepared solution is unloaded into vibropress molds(usually with a size of 390x190x188).
These forms can be both solid and with empty formations. The rigid mixture is subjected to compaction due to the action of vibration and force pressing by the punch. After that, the matrix rises, and a finished wall block is obtained on the pallet. The process of vibrocompression lasts from 10 to 90 seconds - depending on the pressure of the machine (reinforced or conventional). The resulting block should hold its shape and not crumble during drying. This is due to the hard solution mixing technology, so it is extremely important to strictly observe the proportions of the components. The mixture should not be excessively thin or dry.
Stage three
At the last stage, there is hardening process of finished products, which lasts 36-96 hours at natural temperature. All cinder blocks gain strength for storage. This period can be significantly reduced if special additives (fuleron, relaxol, etc.) are added to the batch. With the help of lifting mechanisms, multi-tiered racks can be used for storage and subsequent steaming. This will increase the strength of the products and reduce the time for their hardening. And what is important - the production area will be used with maximum efficiency. The final hardening of cinder blocks will last 20-27 days in a room with a temperature of at least 18 degrees. High humidity will prevent the finished product from drying out.
An additional stage is the manufacture of colored cinder blocks
We do not take this stage into the calculation of the business plan (since an ordinary gray building block is most often used as a masonry material, followed by external finishing), however, if you wish, you can independently calculate the cost of the tinting mixture to get a complete picture production of cinder blocks in color.
Business plan for the production of cinder blocks
We purchase the necessary equipment for the production of cinder blocks at a mini plant:
- concrete mixer (concrete mixer) - 6,280 rubles;
- universal vibrating machine - 90,000 rubles;
- construction wheelbarrow - 1800 rubles;
- shovel - 500 rubles.
Concrete mixer
vibrating machine
The cost of equipment (total capital costs) will be 98,580 rubles.
The specified vibrating machine for the production of cinder blocks is multifunctional, it allows the production of paving slabs, curbs and partition stones. Therefore, you can subsequently retrain for the production of these products without spending additional funds. But it is also possible to purchase a mobile vibratory unit exclusively for cinder block production.
Its cost is 48,000 rubles.
Monthly variable costs for raw materials will amount to 32,800 rubles:
- 10 cubic meters of screenings - 2800 rubles;
- 10 bags of cement - 30,000 rubles.
And the annual costs, respectively, will be 393,600 rubles.
With the help of this equipment, it is possible to produce 600 pieces of finished products in 1 day. At first, two workers will be enough: one will prepare the mixture in a concrete mixer and bring it to the machine, and the second will be engaged in the direct manufacture of blocks. With each new employee, productivity for 1 shift will increase by 300 pieces. In addition, you need to purchase a production facility with a construction site and a place for storing finished products. It can be a garage, or an open-air plot of land, a shed, etc. Monthly rental of the site - 10,000 rubles, annual - 120,000 rubles.
Determine the cost of one cinder block
The approximate weight of one cinder block is 20 kg. The most common method of making it is to use 5 parts screenings and one part each of cement and water. Therefore: 5 + 1 + 1 \u003d 7, and 20 kg / 7 \u003d 2.85 is the weight of one part.
1 kg of screenings will cost 0.28 rubles.
1 kg of cement - 6 rubles.
The price of 1 cubic meter of water is 26.75 rubles, and, accordingly, 1 liter is 0.26 rubles.
Material consumption per 1 unit of manufactured product:
Elimination: 5 parts x 2.85 x 0.28 = 3.99 rubles.
Cement: 1x2.85x6 = 17.10 rubles. Water: 0.26x2.85 = 0.74 rubles.
Electricity: 8 hours x 2.51 kW / h x 0.5 kW = 10.04 / 600 = 0.02 rubles.
Salary to workers - 2 rubles.
Consequently, the cost of one cinder block will be 23.85 rubles, while the average market price is 40 rubles. Wage two employees - 30,000 rubles per month.
Calculate the annual profit, subject to the full sale of products.
The volume of manufactured cinder blocks: - 600 x 22 working days = 13,200 pieces / month x 12 months = 158,400 pieces x 40 rubles. = 6,336,000 rubles.
Gross annual profit (revenue - cost) - 6,336,000 rubles. - 3,777,840 rubles. = 2,558,160 rubles.
Total expenses (capital costs + working costs) = 972,180 rubles.
Profit before tax (gross profit - total expenses) = 1,585,980 rubles.
Net profit(after paying a single tax - 15%) = 1 348 083 rubles.
Profitability of cinder block production (net profit/revenue) will be 52.6%.
Sales of finished products
The main advantage of the implementation of the cinder block is its low cost and availability of constituent components. Therefore, the prices for this building material will be lower than for bricks, foam concrete, etc. Of course, at first you will have to conquer the market, product recognition is also an important factor. For example, you can give the blocks a corporate color. But in this case, the cost of the cinder block will increase slightly.
To advertise your products, you can print leaflets and stick them up in private sectors and places of the proposed construction. Also a good option for establishing demand is the periodic printing of ads in the newspaper and the Internet, broadcasting an advertising video on television.
Currently, the building materials market is expanding, new types of building materials are emerging - better, more efficient and less expensive. In this article, a profitable business plan for the production of blocks will be proposed for consideration.
When organizing such a business, there should not be particularly difficult issues, since the production technology is quite simple, and finished products are not subject to mandatory certification, which significantly reduces investments and other difficulties associated with promoting products on the market.
Business plan: organization of the enterprise
The business plan includes the following items:
- IP registration;
- purchase of equipment;
- purchase of components necessary for production;
- production technology;
- investment counting;
- calculation of the company's profit.
In order not to break the law, when creating a business, it is necessary to register as individual entrepreneur in the tax office. This is a simple procedure. and it won't take much time or money.
First you need to decide on the place where the enterprise will be located.
There are no special requirements here, it can even be an open area with a canopy. But it will still be better if the production is located in a heated indoor area, especially for the northern regions, then the production will not depend on weather conditions.
What equipment is needed for the production of cinder blocks:
- block forming machine (vibration machine);
- concrete mixer;
- construction wheelbarrow (for transporting the finished mixture to the vibrating machine);
- shovels (for laying the mixture in a vibrating machine).
Necessary components for the manufacture of cinder blocks:
- bagged cement;
- filler;
- water.
There are a wide variety of molding machines on the market. The average cost of such a machine is from 20,000 to 300,000 rubles. - depending on the performance and ease of operation.
The scheme of work with the molding machine is simple: the finished mixture is poured into molds and the machine is turned on for 30 seconds. The mixture is compacted, and the finished blocks are laid out on the surface prepared for them to dry.
The concrete mixer is intended for preparation of mix. It is better to choose a larger concrete mixer - the productivity of the enterprise will increase.
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Cinder blocks: components for production
For production, we need the following components: cement in bags, sand, filler - metallurgical slag or from coal combustion. Best of all, of course, expanded clay is suitable. Cement should be used brand M400, and better - M500, such cement can be added less by 10-15%.
Also, a special plasticizer can be added to the solution - it takes quite a bit, about 5 g per 1 block, but the finished blocks, due to the addition of a plasticizer, will become stronger, their wear resistance will increase and the drying time will be reduced.
There are several recipes for preparing the mixture:
- 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 5 parts slag and 0.5 parts water;
- 1 part cement, 4 parts sand, 4 parts slag and 0.5 parts water;
- 9 parts slag, 1 part cement and 0.5 parts water.
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Production technology
The production technology consists of 3 stages:
- mixture preparation;
- block making;
- drying and storage of blocks.
The mixture is prepared according to a pre-selected recipe. The components are laid in a concrete mixer, water is poured there. The mixture should mix well and become homogeneous.
After mixing the mixture, it must be placed in the forms of the vibrating machine and the vibration turned on. The mixture should evenly fill the molds, as it shrinks, it is necessary to add new portions of the mixture until the molds are completely filled. After the concrete has set, the molds can be removed, leaving the finished blocks on the floor (or their bedding). Now you can lay a new portion of the mixture in the form. By doing the work in this way, you can get up to 900 blocks per shift.
It is necessary to devote a separate time to drying the blocks: the first 24 hours the blocks dry as they were left after the machine. During drying, they must sometimes be moistened with water, like any concrete product. After a day, the blocks are turned on their side and dried for another 24 hours. After 2 days they can be stacked on pallets.
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Calculation of profits and expenses
To organize a business for the production of cinder blocks, you will have to make the following investments:
- purchase of equipment;
- purchase of components for production;
- labor force pay.
Equipment cost calculation:
- vibrating machine - 50,000 rubles;
- concrete mixer - 50,000 rubles;
- shovels (2 pcs.) - 1000 rubles
Calculation of the cost of components:
- filler (expanded clay) - 1500 rubles / cu. m;
- slag - from 200 rubles. for t;
- sand - 300 rubles. for t;
- cement (grade M400) - 250 rubles / bag.
The production of cinder blocks today is very profitable. All buildings constructed from them have high sound and heat insulation. It is important that the production of cinder blocks and the use of the equipment necessary for this do not require certification. The profitability of this production is 40-50%.
In the production of blocks, the following components are used: cement, filler, slag, sand and water. A mixture of these components goes through the process of mixing, molding and storage. The approximate weight of one cinder block is 20 kg. Their advantage is that their cost is low, which means that they will be more willing to buy than brick or foam concrete.
Instructions on how to open and what is needed for this
The production of cinder blocks as a business is very profitable in that the entry threshold is much lower than in other production areas. A novice entrepreneur must understand all the nuances of business development and its design.
Stage 1 - registration and preparation of documents
In order to register a business, you need:
- contact the registration department;
- draw up constituent documents;
- write an order to approve a specific person as a director;
- register with the tax authorities, the Pension Fund and statistics authorities.
Stage 2 - finding a room
A very important point is the choice of premises. It should be well heated and ventilated.
The workshop for the production of cinder blocks must be closed on all sides and with a roof. The floor is level so that the cinder blocks can be stored in rows. The area of the rented building must be at least 110 square meters. m. The best location would be the area near the cement plant or sand pit.
Stage 3 - purchase and installation of the necessary equipment
Necessary equipment for the production of cinder blocks:
- concrete mixer (from 60,000 rubles);
- vibrating machine (from 40,000 rubles);
- a wheelbarrow for transporting the finished mixture to the molding machine (from 3,000 rubles);
- shovels (from 1,000 rubles);
- cement (from 200 rubles / bag);
- slag (from 200 rubles).
With the help of a concrete mixer, all components (cement, water and fillers) are mixed. The finished mixture is poured into the molding machine and the machine is turned on for 30 seconds. After the cinder blocks have formed, you can put them on a flat surface in pallets.
Stage 4 - recruitment
At the initial stage, you will need several specialists. One will mix building components, the second will be engaged in the formation of cinder blocks, and the third employee will store and keep records.
While production is developing, an incoming accountant will be required who will submit reports to all state authorities. The entrepreneur himself must engage in advertising and networking.
Stage 5 - promotion and advertising
- attend specialized construction exhibitions;
- organize promotional activities in social networks;
- place an ad on television;
- establish relationships with construction companies and hardware stores;
- print brochures for corporate clients.
Financial plan
Financial planning consists of the following initial cost items:
- purchase of equipment (105 thousand rubles);
- purchase of building components (30 thousand rubles);
- salary for 5 employees per month (50 thousand rubles);
- payment for water supply, electricity per month (20 thousand rubles);
- advertising budget per month (10 thousand rubles);
- rent of premises per month (40 thousand rubles).
Total: 260,000 rubles.
Possible risks
Do not use blast-furnace slag as a base, as it is not environmentally friendly and not frost-resistant. There is a risk that a block of such material will not last long.
It should be borne in mind that competition in this area is high. It is necessary to acquire connections in advance so that it will be easier to establish later sales policy.
Video "Business plan for the manufacture of cinder blocks"
This video shows how to open a cinder block production from scratch.
